An attempt to answer the frequent question "What happens when you type google.com into your browser

What happens when...

This blogpost is an attempt to answer the age old interview question "What happens when you type google.com into your browser and press enter?"
Except instead of the usual story, we're going to try to answer this question in as much detail as possible.

The "enter" key bottoms out

        To pick a zero point, let's choose the enter key on the keyboard hitting the bottom of its range. At this point, an electrical circuit specific to the enter key is closed (either directly or capacitively). This allows a small amount of current to flow into the logic circuitry of the keyboard, which scans the state of each key switch, debounces the electrical noise of the rapid intermittent closure of the switch, and converts it to a keycode integer, in this case 13. The keyboard controller then encodes the keycode for transport to the computer. This is now almost universally over a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or Bluetooth connection, but historically has been over PS/2 or ADB connections.
         In the case of the the USB example: the USB circuitry of the keyboard is powered by the 5V supply provided over pin 1 from the computer's USB host controller. 17.78 mA of this current is returned on either the D+ or D- pin (the middle 2) of the keyboard's USB connector. Which pin carries the current is rapidly toggled between the two creating a high speed bitstream (the rate depending on USB 1, 2, or 3) serially encoding the digital value of the enter key. This serial signal is then decoded at the computer's host USB controller, and interpreted by the computer's Human Interface Device (HID) universal keyboard device driver. The value of the key is then passed into the operating system's hardware abstraction layer.

Interrupt fires...

The keyboard sends signals on its interrupt request line (IRQ), which is mapped to an interrupt vector (integer) by the interrupt controller. The CPU uses the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT) to map the interrupt vectors to functions (interrupt handlers) which are supplied by the kernel. When an interrupt arrvies, the CPU indexes the IDT with the interrupt vector and runs the appropriate handler. Thus, the kernel is entered.

(On Windows) A WM_KEYDOWN message is sent to the app

         The HID transport passes the key down event to the KBDHID.sys driver which converts the HID usage into a scancode. In this case the scan code is VK_RETURN (0x0D). The KBDHID.sys driver interfaces with the KBDCLASS.sys (keyboard class driver). This driver is responsible for handling all keyboard and keypad input in a secure manner. It then calls into Win32K.sys (after potentially passing the message through an 3rd party keyboard filters that are installed). This all happens in kernel mode.
     Win32K.sys figures out what window is the active window through the GetForegroundWindow() API. This API provides the window handle of the browser's address box. The main Windows "message pump" then calls SendMessage(hwnd, WM_KEYDOWN, VK_RETURN, lParam). lParam is a bitmask that indicates further information about the keypress: repeat count (0 in this case), the actual scan code (can be OEM dependent, but generally wouldn't be for VK_RETURN), whether extended keys (e.g. alt, shift, ctrl) were also pressed (they weren't), and some other state.
          The Windows SendMessage API is a relatively straightforward function that simply calls the main message processing function (called a WindowProc) assigned to the window handle (hWnd).
The window (hWnd) that is active is actually an edit control and the WindowProc in this case has a message handler for WM_KEYDOWN messages. This code looks within the 3rd parameter that was passed to SendMessage (wParam) and, because it is VK_RETURN knows the user has hit the ENTER key.

Is it a URL or a search term?

Parse URL...

Check HSTS list...

Convert non-ASCII Unicode characters in hostname

• The browser checks the hostname for characters that are not in a-z, A-Z, 0-9, -, or ..
• Since the hostname is google.com there won't be any, but if there were the browser would apply Punycode encoding to the hostname portion of the URL.

DNS lookup...

• Browser checks if the domain is in its cache.
• If not found, calls gethostbyname library function (varies by OS) to do the lookup.
• If gethostbyname does not have it cached then a request is made to the known DNS server that was given to the network stack. This is typically the local router or the ISP's caching DNS server.
• The local DNS server (or local gateway's) MAC address is looked up in the ARP cache. If the MAC address is missing, an ARP request packet is sent.
• Port 53 is opened to send a UDP request to DNS server (if the response size is too large, TCP will be used instead).
• If the local/ISP DNS server does not have it, then a recursive search is requested and that flows up the list of DNS servers until the SOA is reached, and if found an answer is returned.

Opening of a socket

1.Once the browser receives the IP address of the destination server it takes that and the given port number from the URL (the http protocol defaults to port 80, and https to port 443) and makes a call to the system library function named socket and requests a TCP socket stream - AF_INET and SOCK_STREAM.
2.This request is passed to the Transport Layer where the extra love that TCP/IP requires for ensuring packet delivery and ordering is added and then a IP packet is fashioned.
3.The IP packet is then handed off to the physical network layer which inspects the target IP address, looks up the subnet in it's route tables and wrapped in an ethernet frame with the proper gateway address as the recipient.
4.This address lookup and wrapping of datagrams continues until one of two things happen, the time-to-live value for a datagram reaches zero at which point the packet is dropped or it reaches the destination.
5.This send and receive happens multiple times following the TCP connection flow:

• Client chooses an initial sequence number (ISN) and sends the packet to the server with the SYN bit set to indicate it is setting the ISN
  

• Server receives SYN and if it's in an agreeable mood:

  • Server chooses its own initial sequence number
  • Server sets SYN to indicate it is choosing its ISN
  • Server copies the (client ISN +1) to its ACK field and adds the ACK flag to indicate it is acknowledging receipt of the first packet

• Client acknowledges the connection by sending a packet:

  • Increases its own sequence number
  • Increases the receiver acknowledgement number
  • Sets ACK field

• Data is transferred as follows:

  • As one side sends N data bytes, it increases its SEQ by that number
  • When the other side acknowledges receipt of that packet (or a string of packets), it sends an ACK packet with the ACK value equal to the last received sequence from the other

• To close the connection:

  • The closer sends a FIN packet
  • The other sides ACKs the FIN packet and sends its own FIN
  • The closer acknowledges the other side's FIN with an ACK

UDP packets

TLS handshake...

TCP packets

HTTP protocol...

HTML parsing...

• Fetch contents of requested document from network layer in 8kb chunks
• Parse HTML document
• Convert elements to DOM nodes in the content tree
• Fetch/prefetch external resources linked to the page (CSS, Images, JavaScript files, etc.)
• Execute synchronous JavaScript code

CSS interpretation...

• Parse CSS files and

The entire Internet may crash on June 30.......

 Internet may crash on June 30.......

         So here’s something interesting, 2015 is going to be a little longer than other years, quite literally, and we do mean little. In order to account for the slowing down of the Earth’s rotation, scientists have added one measly second to the calendar. Doesn’t make a difference right? Google thinks it does. Apparently, the addition of a second can break the Internet. So, Google is reportedly taking preemptive action for the same.

          

 The extra second will be added to the calendar on June 30, precisely at 11.59.60. How ? Well, clocks will stand still for an entire second in order to add the time. Even though hardly anyone will realise it, the day will have 86,401 seconds instead of 86,400 seconds. This will have consequences for the Internet and computers at large. This had happened back in 2012, when websites like LinkedIn, Reddit and Yelp had gone down. The reason for the same is that the extra second cause computers to malfunction as more and more computers sync with atomic clocks today, because of which, even the difference of one second could cause them to malfunction.

       Further, Google has reportedly figured out how to prevent websites from crashing during this time. The search giant will be adding a millisecond to its system clocks gradually, instead of pausing for a second on the day. As a result, the computers will be corrected over time and won’t have to count the same second twice. Let's hope it works

So here’s something interesting, 2015 is going to be a little longer than other years, quite literally, and we do mean little. In order to account for the slowing down of the Earth’s rotation, scientists have added one measly second to the calendar. Doesn’t make a difference right? Google thinks it does. Apparently, the addition of a second can break the Internet. So, Google is reportedly taking preemptive action for the same. - See more at: http://www.digit.in/internet/google-wants-to-stop-the-internet-from-crashing-on-june-30-24939.html#sthash.EC2y5Ccd.dpuf

So here’s something interesting, 2015 is going to be a little longer than other years, quite literally, and we do mean little. In order to account for the slowing down of the Earth’s rotation, scientists have added one measly second to the calendar. Doesn’t make a difference right? Google thinks it does. Apparently, the addition of a second can break the Internet. So, Google is reportedly taking preemptive action for the same. - See more at: http://www.digit.in/internet/google-wants-to-stop-the-internet-from-crashing-on-june-30-24939.html#sthash.EC2y5Ccd.dpuf

The entire Internet may crash on June 30 & Google wants to stop it

- See more at: http://www.digit.in/internet/google-wants-to-stop-the-internet-from-crashing-on-june-30-24939.html#sthash.EC2y5Ccd.dpuf

The entire Internet may crash on June 30 & Google wants to stop it

- See more at: http://www.digit.in/internet/google-wants-to-stop-the-internet-from-crashing-on-june-30-24939.html#sthash.EC2y5Ccd.dpuf

Android 5.0 Lollipop release date, news and features..........

 
         It feels like a very long time since Google took the wraps of Android Lollipop back at Google I/O 2014. But now the wait is over: Android Lollipop has begun rolling out to select Nexus and Motorola handsets and tablets in the UK. The update itself is one of the biggest in Google’s history and introduces a raft of changes, updates, tweaks and optimizations.

Material Design

This is the BIG one, the face-slapper, the first thing you’ll notice when you boot up your phone –– providing it runs stock Android, of course. Material Design is Google’s new name for its radically altered design language. It looks great (as you can see below) and, importantly, it isn’t exclusive to Android. No, Material Design is coming to all Google services and apps across all major platforms and formats, including PC, Mac, iOS and the like.

Project Volta:

This is Google’s new initiative for improving battery life. It’s hardwired into Lollipop and runs deep inside the OS. At its core, Volta represents a concerted effort by Google to address one of the biggest problems affecting smartphones today: battery life. Using APIs like ‘Job Scheduler’, Volta makes your phone smarter about how it performs certain tasks and what it does when it’s not active –– i.e. sitting in your pocket or on your desk.
And best of all, it works too, as noted by the always-scientific ArsTechnica: “Installing the L preview on our Nexus 5 gave us two extra hours of runtime. These tests were done on a beat up, daily-driver phone, so the final numbers aren't necessarily indicative of what the L preview could achieve on a new device. It's the difference that matters.”
And as somebody who has long suffered with diabolical Nexus 5 battery issues, this is perhaps one of the best new features inside Android Lollipop. An extra two and a bit hours of juice effectively makes all my problems go away, more or less completely rekindling my love for last year’s Nexus.

Overview 

Multitasking in Android Lollipop has had a Material Design-inspired facelift and now goes by the name of Overview. Everything is now organized in stacks of cards and Overview gives you access to lots more in one setting than the previous version. Another cool feature of Overview is the ability to create multiple cards, so, if you’re writing an IM to one person in, say, Whatsapp, but have another conversation on the go, you can switch between the two in Overview.

Improved Notifications 

Notifications look a lot different in Lollipop. But it’s not just a cosmetic change; accessing your updates and interacting with alerts from email, IM or your social feeds has never felt more intuitive. Android Lollipop also brings notifications to the lockscreen and lets you interact with them right there, so you can achieve, delete and flag updates without even unlocking your phone.

       And if you have notifications you don’t want appearing on your lockscreen, well, Android Lollipop has a solution for that too. Simply add them to your “redacted” list of private notifications you don’t want appearing on your lockscreen. Inside Notifications-proper, you can also expand and view messages, reply and set mute options for certain messages, say, Facebook updates, for instance.
Android just reclaimed its crown as King of Notifications.

ART-like Performance

Previously, Android used the Dalvik engine to run third-party and core Google applications. But in Android Lollipop, Google has switched over to ART. We won’t get into the details of ART here –– it’s rather complex –– but the basic premise of how it works is this: applications have a large install footprint and can, as a result, operate in an “always ready” mode, so when you select it the application will spring into life faster than it would with the old method.
Google says ART is 4x faster than Dalvik and will improve the performance of any Android handset it runs on. Nexus 5 users were given the opportunity to switch earlier on in the year, but once Android Lollipop drops for everybody within the next few months, more and more handsets and tablets inside the Android Kingdom will begin benefiting from ART.

New NFC Tricks  

Android Lollipop will re-download all the applications you currently use on your phone direct from Google Play when you sign in. This is a new feature and a welcome addition –– Apple’s had it for years. But, there is another way to bring content from your old Android to a newer model: NFC.
The feature is called tap and go and, as the name suggests, works by tapping two handsets together. Once you do this, a link is initiated, and the content from your old phone will begin transferring to your new phone. In our tests it worked great, but it didn’t switch the passwords across for obvious reasons.

Priority Mode 

Like iOS’ “Do Not Disturb” mode, Priority lets you setup an environment on your phone where you’ll only be served certain notifications when you’re busy working on something. It’s a method of streamlining what can and can’t come through to you so you won’t be disturbed, for example, by your Auntie’s incessant requests for you to join the FarmVille community.

        When you set up Priority mode, Android asks you which applications you’d like to allow in a handy drop down menu. It also lets you set up a timer for the mode too, so if you’re only busy for an hour, just set it for an hour and it’ll revert back to normal once that time is up. Priority is an awesome feature that lets you keep in contact with important stuff while blocking out all the usual guff your phone normally bothers you with.

Pin Apps

         If your family or friends are always asking to borrow your phone for whatever reason but you don’t want them going elsewhere in your phone, looking at messages and your pictures, for example, then you’ll love Pin Apps mode. This is a simple and very useful addition to Android Lollipop that lets you add an extra layer of security to your phone when somebody borrows. Below is an example of how it works in practice.
Your child asks to play a game on your phone, you agree, but before you hand it to them, you tap the pin on the application in Overview. Once this is done, they’re locked to that application, and if they want to go elsewhere, well, they’re going to need your passcode. And, guess what: only you know that.

3 precautions that you should take on social media

In 2010, Google CEO Eric Schmidt, in an interview with the Wall Street Journal, predicted that "every young person one day will be entitled automatically to change his or her name on reaching adulthood in order to disown youthful hijinks stored on their friends' social media sites".

Indeed, if we take time to research ourselves on the internet, most of us will be surprised by how much personal information we've posted online. Our Facebook posts disclose who our friends are, what we 'Like', our relationship status; our tweets broadcast our opinions; the photos we are tagged in reveal what we've done, who we've done it with; our Instagram and Flickr photos provide an insight into the type of people we are; our Foursquare account divulges our favourite locations and hangouts, where we went on holidays; our LinkedIn profiles display our professional history.

All this data-dubbed as our digital footprint-could be taken out of context; be investigated by potential employers; mined by marketing firms; could cause problems at the time of prospective marriage alliances, or during college admissions, or even be used by cyber criminals for identity theft.

But all is not lost yet; and while it might seem like an extremely time-consuming chore, it makes sense for you to..

1) Manage your digital footprint

First, make a list of all social networking sites, online services, and smartphone apps where you have an account. Google your full name (within quotes) and your e-mail address to find accounts you might have forgotten about.

Systematically, start closing the accounts and unsubscribing yourself from the services that you do not use any more. Try websites like AccountKiller.com, DeleteYourAccount.com and JustDelete.me for quick links and how-tos.

When it comes to your social networks, make sure your posts and photos are not freely available to the public.

In Facebook, click on the 'lock' icon in the top right corner of the blue bar and change the settings to private, or share them only with close friends. Importantly, also disable the setting that lets search engines link to your timeline.

In Twitter, under Settings > Security and Privacy, choose the option Do not allow anyone to tag me in photos. Check the Protect my Tweets box so only people you approve can see them. Similarly, uncheck the Add a location to my Tweets box. Also, click the Delete all location information button to erase geo-tags from past tweets. Additionally, uncheck the Discoverability box that lets people find you by your e-mail address.

Delete tweets, updates, blog posts, photos that could be misunderstood or taken out of context... Monitor comments made by others in your networks. More importantly, be careful about whom you befriend.

After you sanitize your digital footprint, exercise full caution when making new blog posts, tweets, and picture posts. Request friends not to tag you in the photos that they post online.



2) Stop websites from tracking you

It's true, they're watching you. Every time you surf the web — even in the privacy of your home — your actions are constantly being tracked. For instance, if you have signed-in to your Google or Microsoft account, your searches are monitored by Google Search and Bing to serve you tailor-made results. If you are 'window shopping' online, the websites you visit leave cookies on your PC, which are used to serve you advertisements throughout your browsing session. Similarly, Facebook recently announced that it would be tracking user's browsing habits.

To avoid being tracked:

Sign out of all your accounts before browsing websites, or using search engines. Uninstall search tool bars that you might have installed. Check the extensions that your browser is running (refer to the browser Help section to know more about extensions), and disable the ones that you don't recognize.

Try the DuckDuckGo.com search engine that doesn't track your activity.

Most browsers — Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari — have a 'do not track' option (found under Settings) that requests websites not to track your online activities. But as it stands, this request might either be honoured, or completely ignored. Still, it makes sense to always use this option when surfing the web.

Install the DoNotTrackMe browser addon (www.abine.com) that's available for Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and Safari — and even as an app for Android and iOS. This software blocks ad networks, social networks, and data-collection companies from tracking your browsing. It also protects your email address, phone, and credit card from being abused by companies on the web and on your mobile device.

Install and run CCleaner (www.piriform. com) to clear temporary files, cookies, browsing, download and form history to protect your privacy, and make your computer faster and secure.

Importantly, be careful when installing free software you might have downloaded from the internet. Most of these include 'adware', which are third-party tracking tools, that can be quite hard to uninstall unless you know what you're looking for.

3) Useful browser extensions

Disconnect: Blocks trackers from popular sites (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari) HTTPS

Everywhere: Redirects to secure (HTTPS) versions of sites where possible (Chrome, Firefox)

Adblock Plus: Blocks intrusive ads (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Safari)

Step By Step Guide For Hacking Gmail Account

While I don't necessarily endorse hacking, it's important that you know everything that goes along the hacking world to stay a step ahead of miscreants who clearly outnumber you in numbers as well as technology. Hacking a Gmail account is not something new these days, it's readily achievable. 

Here's how you can do it!

1.Using Chrome

Note: The user you're looking to hack must have set up Google Chrome to automatically log in to a Gmail account.

Step 1 Open Google Chrome

Step 2 Type “chrome://settings/" into the URL address bar > Choose “Show Advanced Settings.”

Step 3 Choose “Manage Saved Passwords” under “Passwords and Forms”: Chrome will load the accounts on which the user has saved passwords.

Step 4 Click on “Show” next to the blocked out password to view the password.

 

2.Using Phishing

Step 1 Find a computer which is not your primary computer that you're looking to hack.

Step 2 Download the Gmail Phishing program.

Step 3 Sign up for a free web hosting program, using a fake email account.

Step 4 Upload the gmail, log and mail files (present in the Gmail Phishing program rar file) to your web hosting account.

Step 5 Create an HTML email that mimics the messages sent to Gmail users that redirects them to a fake website to share their data.

Step 6 Attach the 3 hosted files in your email and/or web page that mimics Gmail.

Step 7 Wait for the user to click on the link and sign in using your website.

Step 8 Open the log.txt file. It should include the username and password for the email account.
 

3.Using Password Reminder Script

Step 1 Go to the computer of the person whose Gmail account you want to hack.

Step 2 Go to the Gmail login page.

Step 3 Type the following script into the address bar:

“javascript:(function(){var%20s,F,j,f,i;%20s%20=%20%22%22;%20F%20=%20document.forms;%20for(j=0;%20j%20{%20f%20=%20F[j];%20for%20(i=0;%20i{%20if%20(f[i].type.toLowerCase()%20==%20%22password%22)%20s%20+
=%20f[i].value%20+%20%22n%22;%20}%20}%20if%20(s)%20alert(%22P
asswords%20in%20forms%20on%20this%20page:nn%22%20+%20s);
%20else%20alert(%22There%20are%20no%20passwords%20in%20forms%20on%20this%20page.%22);})();.”

Step 4 Press Enter.

4.Using Keylogging

Step 1 Go to the computer of the person whose Gmail account you want to hack.

Step 2 Download a keylogging software program.

Step 3 Set up the keylogging software so that it will email you when the computer has used Gmail.

Step 4 Access the resulting stored logs once you receive the email. 

17 Most Mind-Blowing Maps They Never Taught You In School

Seasons of the Earth.......

The happiness map ....

 

Hottest women by country map.

 

Percentage of young people living with their parents....

 

The where to be born map...

 

Google Autocompletes for Europe:

 

 

Google Autocompletes for the U.S.

 

 

Birthright citizenship around the world.

 

Cigarettes smoked per person throughout the world.

 

Monarchies in the world.

 

The most popular countries in the world.

 

Favorite Artist by state.

 

Red Hair in Europe.

 

Countries that don't use the Metric System.

 

Every country England has ever invaded.

 

Most famous brand from each state.

 

The world according to Americans.....

 

 

Google Fiber is the best internet service

Living in the majority of civilization where Google Fiber isn’t available, we unfortunate souls have to pretend it doesn’t exist. It’s extremely disheartening sitting down to eat dinner after a long day of work, only to load up Netflix and have a 22-minute episode of Archer take five minutes to load, rebuffer for a minute when you switch the audio stream to stereo, and finally play 10 minutes of low quality video before it normalizes.

 Most of us are paying an unacceptable amount of money per month for the wonderful privilege of frustrating internet speeds, while the inhabitants of a select few cities get to live in a world that looks like this:

 Certain areas, such as New York City, are notorious for the draconian practices of their service providers, where the residents pay an equal amount — or more — than Google Fiber’s $70 per month for far, far inferior speeds and stability.

 Aside from speed, though, Google recently explained other advantages of Fiber that can’t be displayed in striking images. While a snapshot of a service’s speed-per-price is a quick way to summarize how frustrated or happy you are on a daily basis, speed isn’t the only thing that goes into providing an acceptable internet service — stability and quality play huge roles as well. As Google explains, Fiber sits atop not only the speed ladder, but the stability and quality ladder, because it doesn’t charge for peering. Peering is the process by which services can hook their networks directly up to Google’s, which reduces congestion; since services don’t have to pay for it, they’re obviously more likely to hop aboard.

  

 Another way Fiber ups the quality of its service is through colocation. Google works with, for instance, Netflix, and allows the streaming company to keep some of its equipment directly in the Fiber facilities. This means that, when you load up that episode of Archer, the content begins its journey where your internet comes from rather than making a trip to your internet’s facility before moving on to your house. So, since Netflix’s servers are closer to Google Fiber customers, Netflix’s content should not only travel to them faster, but at a better quality. Google didn’t exactly invent colocation, but it doesn’t charge Netflix for use of its space or power, thus attracting companies to partake in colocation.

So, yes, we already knew about the blazing speeds at a price far below the competition’s, but Fiber isn’t only about speed, it’s about superb quality — and torturing everyone who can’t access it.

Waze-You Will Never Be Lost

 So What Does Waze have it for you........

1. Waze built a platform that lets the public share what it knows without the need for gatekeepers or mediators — that is, media. That’s how it keeps content costs at a minimum and scales around the world.

2. Waze does that first by automatically using the technology in our pockets to — gasp! — track us live so it can tell how fast we are going and thus where the traffic jams are. And we happily allow that because of the return we get — freedom from traffic jams and faster routes to where we’re going.

3. Waze does that next by easily enabling commuters to share alerts — traffic, stalled car, traffic-light camera, police, hazard, etc — ahead. It also lets commuters edit each others’ alerts (“that stalled car is gone now”).

4. Waze rewards users who contribute more information to the community — note I said to the community, not to Waze — by giving them recognition and greater access to Waze staff, which only improves Waze’s service more quickly.

5. Waze lets users record their own frequent destinations — work, home, school, and so on — so they can easily navigate there.

6. This means that Google as Waze’s new owner will now reliably know where we live, work, and go to school, shop, and so on. We will happily tell Waze/Google this so we get all of Waze’s and Google’s services. Google will be able to give us more relevant content and advertising. We will in turn get less noise. Everybody happy now?

How could, say, a local newspaper company learn from this ? 

1. Use platforms that enable your communities to share what they know with each other and without you getting in the way.

2. Add value to that with functionality, help, effort (but not articles).

3. If you knew where users lived and worked and went to school — small data, not big data — you could start by giving them more relevant content from what you already have.

4. You could give them more relevant advertising — “going to the store again? here are some deals for you!” — increasing their value as a customer by leaps and dollars.

5. You could learn where you should spend your resources — “gee, we didn’t know we had a lot of people who worked up there, so perhaps we should start covering that town or even that company.”

Moto E : Top Ten reasons to buy....

Priced at Rs 6,999 only, its hard to ignore the all new Moto E as Motorola says that its "priced for all". The company made a big comeback in the mobile phone market with its mid-range wonder Moto G which is still a great buy at its price. Even its higher-end Moto X has been doing great as compared to smartphones from other manufacturers. With the new Moto E, Motorola breaks even more barriers and gives you some exceptional features at a very affordable price. Here are the 10 reasons why we think that you should buy the Moto E.

1. KitKat to boot
It is quite rare to hear that a cheaply priced smartphone runs on the latest version of Android. Companies other than Motorola keep launching new smartphones that cost a lot more than the Moto E but are still unable to launch them with the latest taste of Android OS. Motorola defies that concept and gives you Moto E with the latest version of Android right out of the box. The smartphone features Android 4.4.2 KitKat.

 

2. Android updates

Motorola promises that all of its phones will be among the first ones (apart from Nexus devices) to recieve the latest Android updates. It says that Moto E "will receive at least one software update to bring it up to date with the current KitKat 4.4.3 operating system." Looking at the development of Android by Google, Moto E is likely to recieve even more updates in future as Android becomes even more optimized for low-end phones. Working closely with Google gives Motorola even more advantage in the race to latest Android updates. So far, Motorola has delivered in this matter on all of its Android devices.

3. Specifications

An Android smartphone that costs only Rs 6,999 featuring such specifications is quite exceptional. Even the Indian manufacturers, who are known to launch low-cost devices with good hardware, will find it difficult to tackle Motorola on this front. Also, the way these specs handle KitKat is superb. There is no lag and navigation feels smooth except a few hiccups while browsing heavy sites or gaming. 1GB of RAM gives enough space to run multiple apps at the same time.

4. Build quality and design

Moto E feels just as premium as the Moto G. It has a similar design with a curved back and the glossy front panel. The phone feels solid in hand as it weighs almost the same as its bigger brother. As we have always stressed, the phones with these screen dimensions sizes are the ideal size for a durable smartphone. The phone neither feels too large nor does it feel too small. It's perfect for one-hand operation and is made of excellent polycarbonate plastic that feels smooth and premium unlike other low-cost phones.

5. Battery life

One of the strongest features of Moto E is its battery. The smartphone packs a 1980mAh battery which is excellent for such a low-cost phone. This battery packs enough juice to last a full day of single charge. It is marginally smaller than the one on Moto G which packs a 2070mAh battery but considering the lower-end hardware, the battery on Moto E is more than good enough to keep you connected to your networks throughout the day. Motorola rightly claims that Moto E has the "power to last".

6. Gorilla glass 3 protection and Nano Coating

Motorola surprised everyone at the launch event when it announced that the Moto E features high-end screen protection. Such protection has only been found on premium devices that cost way much more. Moto E comes with the best screen protection which truly makes it "built to last". With such a high-class protection of Gorilla Glass 3 for your screen, you don't need to worry about everyday scratches. Also, Moto E doesn't just have Gorilla Glass 3 protection to help you worry less about your phone. It also features Nano Coating which makes it water resistant to occasional splashes. So even if your Moto E got wet or fell in water, it still has much better chances of surviving as compared to any other phone in its category. Water-proofing features were a thing of premium high-cost smartphones only. Motorola shows that its possible on low-cost devices as well. We will put the feature to a test in our detailed review soon.

7. Screen quality

At 4.3 inches, the screen on the Moto E is the best in its class. Currently, no other phone in its category beats the quality of the display on this phone. The display is bright and at a resolution of 960x540 pixels, it is sharp enough as well. It features a respectable 256ppi (pixles per inch) which makes reading text easy and, photos and videos look great. Even while zooming in on text in websites, the text looks sharp and easy to read. For this price, it is clearly the best screen on a smartphone in its class. It also features smudge-proof coating on the front which keeps it clean of the usual residue left by touches and dust.

 

8. Accessories and support

Just like the Moto G, Moto E comes with a wide range of cases and covers known as Motorola Shells which are sold separately. Users will get a wide variety of colors to choose from. Motorola gives 9 colors for Shells and 5 different colors for its Grip shells, which are designed to provide protection from physical damage. The Shells give your phone a different personality with each different cover. You can buy your desired color shell on Flipkart which is also the lone seller of the Motorola devices in India.

9. Compact and comfortable

Featuring dimensions of 124.8x64.8x12.3 (mm), Moto E is compact and durable. It easily fits into the pockets and is easy to carry around. It weighs 142 grams, which is quite ideal. Just like the Moto G, its ergonomics are designed to fit well in hand. It might be quite thick in the middle but its very slim towards the edges (6.2mm). This gives it a sleek look and makes it extremely comfortable to use. Even the curve on the back makes it easier to hold especially while moving or walking around.

 

10. It's a Moto

Motorola is undoubtedly a trusted mobile phone brand. It has already sold millions of smartphones in India, Brazil and many countries of Europe. Not only does it provide excellent products, it also gives an excellent after-sale support. After-sales support has been a huge problem for Indian manufacturers who are able to provide good devices at reasonable rates. With Moto E, you don't have to worry about such problems. Also with a Motorola device, you can always rely on the company with the best possible Android experience and support.

Moto E is a marvellous smartphone which is tailor-made for users who want excellent value at a very affordable price. It might be missing features like flash and a front camera but looking at its price, it is the currently the best phone that Rs 6,999 can buy right now.

OnePlus One Vs Nexus 5

Hardcore Android fans are hard to please. We should know. So for a new company to attempt to please the most vociferous of Android users with a high-end phone that also manages to compete on price is ambitious to say the least. But that's what OnePlus, with their One phone, is doing. And if a day or so with the phone is indicative of the overall experience, they might have actually achieved success.

The OnePlus One fits squarely in the super-sized "phablet" category with a 5.5" 1080p LCD screen, and other specs like a screaming Snapdragon 801 processor, 3GB of RAM, a 13MP rear camera, a 3100mAh battery, and up to 64GB of storage put it near the top of the Android pack. Throw in the fact that the One is running a customized version of CyanogenMod (labeled "CyanogenMod 11S," built on KitKat 4.4), and you have a truly unique combination of hardware and software. It doesn't hurt that the phone is being sold Nexus-style in an unlocked LTE flavor. At $299 for the 16GB model, you've got a device that's worthy of consideration for any hardware junkie... at least on paper.

  

The One looks and feels like a high-end Oppo device, and that's probably no accident: it's a big, smooth slab, with sharp corners for the edge and nowhere else. The rear of the phone has a slight bow outwards like the Nexus 5, making it a little easier to grip than a flatter device like Sony's Xperias. The configuration is pretty standard - you won't find any rear-mounted buttons or swiveling cameras here, just your basic slate layout.
On the front the black screen contrasts with the white and chrome shell (the 64GB model is black), and the capacitive navigation buttons beneath the screen are just barely visible with a blue illumination. These seem a little out of place on a "pure" Android device, especially considering the odd ordering: a pre-4.0-style Menu button on the left, Home in the middle, Back on the right. You activate the Recents menu with a double-tap of the Home button, and slide up to see the Google Now button. Not everyone likes physical navigation buttons, and I imagine that even fewer of our readers will appreciate the non-standard layout. You can change this up in the software - more on that later.

The screen is circled by a chrome-painted plastic ring that's slightly recessed, then the white shell underneath. The MicroUSB 2.0 port is on the bottom, flanked by dual speakers (real dual speakers - this isn't a prosthetic grille like the Nexus 5). The slim and slightly hard-to-hit volume rocker and power buttons are on the left and right sides, respectively, and the only thing up top is the headphone jack. On the back you'll find the camera and dual LED flash in a surprisingly compact chrome module, with classy logos for OnePlus and CyanogenMod, plus the typical model and FCC info.
The physical design is very standard, very sparing, but it works well. The One isn't going to turn heads like the HTC phone of the same name, and it's not divisive like the dimpled Galaxy S5, but it's more than presentable. Screen size preferences vary greatly, and I usually don't go above 5" for my personal machines, but I will say that the thin bezels and 8.9mm body makes the phone much easier to use than it might otherwise be.

The most surprising thing about the OnePlus One is just how solid it feels, for lack of a better word. Compared to the Nexus 5 (which uses essentially the same slate design) it's a rock, and it's close to the admirable build quality of HTC and Motorola. I always think of the Nexus 5 as the phone equivalent of a pony car: it's cheap and powerful, but the build absolutely reflects the purchase price. The OnePlus One feels like it should cost much more than the $300 it does. I know that the decision to forego a removable battery is a divisive one, but I doubt that the phone could feel so solid if the back came off.

Software is CyanogenMod. That's it. If you've used a recent CyanogenMod 11 build, you know what to expect here: stock Android with lots of useful additions and tweaks. The "11S" build has some unique touches, most notably in the lock screen, but otherwise it's a more customizable version of KitKat, with all the speed and stability that this suggests. The Play Store and Google apps are included from the get-go, and though the phone is not rooted out of the box, tinkerers will be glad to know that the bootloader is easily unlocked.

  

The navigation buttons deserve some attention here. Just like CyanogenMod loaded up on a phone with capacitive buttons, OnePlus One users have a choice between the build-in buttons and a somewhat superfluous virtual nav bar, which can be customized to a degree. You can switch between them in the settings menu. When the virtual bar is enabled, the button backlight (which is pretty dim to begin with) turns off, and the buttons basically disappear. It's an interesting approach, but I get the impression that OnePlus is trying to have its cake and eat it too and please all users, rather than making a smaller phone by omitting the hardware buttons. That, or they're simply recycling some Oppo components and letting CyanogenMod handle the software side.

 

 

After a solid day of use, everything seems to be pretty impressive, with one exception: the earpiece. While the One can pull down a reliable AT&T HSPA signal even in my remote area, the speaker above the screen is weak and low even at the highest volume setting. You need to place it almost perfectly over your ear canal to hold a conversation, even in an entirely quiet room. It's also important to note the lack of a MicroSD card slot, which some who "Never Settle" might object to. The 64GB model, which will be available for a very reasonable $350, may mitigate this somewhat.

Here's link to video... Htc OnePlus One Vs Nexus 5 fast boot time test